For example, wire is a linear medium that can be extended into three dimensions. Line is not just a two-dimensional design element. These qualities are “read” rationally and emotionally thus, line can have an expressive and emotional content that can often be found by viewer introspection. A line can be thick or thin, pale or bold. It can progress smoothly or with a staccato rhythm. The movement of a line can be curved or angular. The character of the line can control the direction, speed, and attention of the viewer. By its nature, a line compels the viewer to follow along its path. Two people looking at one another in an artwork create a psychic line between them. A third example of a line that is not actual- ly there is psychic line. (Figure 2.37) Lines that converge beyond the edge of an artwork are another because they imply a distant intersection. The image of the square inside the circle is an example of im- plied line. ![]() Instead, they are implied or suggested by an inten- tional alignment of shapes. These crosshatching lines generally follow the shape of an object. (GroundTruth Contours: )Ĭrosshatching is the use of uniformly spaced intersecting lines that create the perception of value or light and dark. Lines that are far apart indicate more gentle slopes. On contour maps, lines that appear close together indicate a rapid change in height. In mapmaking, contour lines indicate the shape of the landscape in regular increments of vertical height. Contour lines follow the shapes of objects where they stand out from backgrounds. Human visual perception includes an enhanced ability to detect edges in nature. A rigid tree in a windstorm will sometimes be uprooted.Ĭontour is the line where differing areas meet and form edges. A rigid bridge is a good thing for those who depend on it not to give way. Straight lines can represent rigidity, which is neither good nor bad, but depends on context. Evenly drawn horizontal lines express calm. (Jackson Pollock: /wikipedia/ en/b/b7/Jackson-Pollock.jpg) For example, short, uneven staccato lines may be read as impatient, or lacking in confidence or grace. Gesture is the line produced by the movement of the artist’s hand, arm, or body, of a kind of dance with the material, as can be seen in this photograph of Jack- son Pollock in the midst of painting. In many writing cultures, the beauty of the script is as important as the message the script contains. A tughra, or the calligraphic sig- nature of a sultan, and the re- fined text of Arabic calligraphy are renowned for their expres- sive beauty, as are many works of Asian script. Second, the manner in which the figure is created can be seen as expressive in itself. First, the linear figure or shape of a written symbol denotes its meaning. The character of line in writing has two main functions. Calligraphy, or “beauti- ful writing,” is one popular use of line. All kinds of objects are linear, or predominantly formed by using lines. The direction of a line may be straight (unchanging) or curved (changing). A line is an infinite series of points that are arranged in a direction. Line is the first order element of design. Here is a brief explanation of the definition and dynamics of each element of design. They can introduce texture, and they can introduce color. In addition to the three dimensions of physical space, there are two more things artists can incorporate into a given work. In moving from points to volumes, we have “walked up the ladder” of dimension from zero to three. A form with mass or volume has three dimensions, length, height, and width. A shape has two dimensions, length and height. Mathematically, a point has zero dimensions. Our perceived world has three dimensions of space and one of time. One way to think of these elements of design is to “walk up the ladder” of dimension. ![]() There are six basic elements of design: line, shape, mass/volume, perspective, texture, and color. ![]() Further, looking at the way in which various parts of a work of art are arranged-even an intuitive or accidental work-can reveal clues to the goals and beliefs of the artist, the community in which the artist has worked, and the problems the work of art was meant to address. It is rare to find a work of art that is entirely accidental or has come wholly out of the unconscious intuition of an artist. ![]() \)Ī design is a governing plan or approach by which various parts of an artwork are created and assembled.
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